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분야
hwpII. 주요용어정리
1) Nazi and Nazi Collaborators(Punishment) Law(1950)
2) Ex post facto penal legislation
3) The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide(UN)
III. 법적인 쟁점사항
1) Ex post facto penal legislation
2) Extra-territorial offences
3) Acts of State
4) Abduction
IV. 양측의 변론서
V. 이스라엘 고등법원의 판결내용
1) Retroactive Penal Legislation in International Law
2) Criminal Jurisdiction over Acts Committed by Foreign Nationals Abroad
3) Conformity of the Nazi and Nazi Collaborators Law with Principles of International Law
i) The Character of International Crimes
ii) Universal Jurisdiction
4) Abduction
VI. 기타추가사항
1) Nazi and Nazi Collaborators(Punishment) Law(1950)
나치와 그 관련자 처벌법(Nazis and Nazi Collaborators Punishment Law, 5710 of 1950)은 나치에 의해 자행된 중대한 범죄에 대해 처벌하는 근거가 되는 법으로서 이스라엘 의회에서 1950년 제정된 법이다. 이 법에 따라 이스라엘 법정은 유태인에 대하여 행해진 범죄, 전쟁범죄, 비인도적 범죄에 대하여 사형까지 선고할 수 있으며, 타국에서 타국민에 의해서 저지러진 범죄행위까지도 처벌할 수 있는 강력한 권한을 갖게 되었다.
Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, 5710-1950
Crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity and war crimes.
1. (a) A person who has committed one of the following offences - (1) done, during the period of the Nazi regime, in an enemy country, an act constituting a crime against the Jewish people; (2) done, during the period of the Nazi regime, in an enemy country, an a act constituting a crime against humanity; (3) done, during the period of the Second World War, in an enemy country, an act constituting a war crime, is liable to the death penalty.
(b) In this section - "crime against the Jewish people" means any of the following acts, committed with intent to destroy the Jewish people in whole or in part: (1) killing Jews; (2) causing serious bodily or mental harm to Jews; (3) placing Jews in living conditions calculated to bring about their physical destruction; (4) imposing measures intended to prevent births among Jews; (5) forcibly transferring Jewish children to another national or religious group; (6) destroying or desecrating Jewish religious or cultural assets or values; (7) inciting to hatred of Jews; - "crime against humanity" means any of the following acts: murder, extermination, enslavement, starvation or deportation and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, and persecution on national, racial, religious or political grounds; - "war crime" means any of the following acts: murder, ill-treatment or deportation to forced labour or for any other purpose, of civilian population of or in occupied territory; murder Or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas; killing of hostages; plunder of public or private property; wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages; and devastation not justified by military necessity.
2) Ex post facto penal legislation
소급입법의 금지원칙은 일부 국가에서 중요한 법적인 원칙으로 인정된다. 아히히만의 재판과정에서 법적인 쟁점이 되었던 것 중 하나는 1950년에 만들어진 나치와 그 관련자 처벌법이 과연 그 이전에 행해진 범죄를 처벌할 수 있는 근거가 되는가 하는 문제였다.
3) The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide(UN)
집단살해죄의 방지와 처벌에 관한 협약(Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide)은 1948년 12월 9일 UN 총회에서 채택되었고, 1951년 1월 12일 발효되었다. 일찍이 라파엘 렘킨이 집단살해라는 용어를 처음 정의하고 활동을 전개하였으며 그 운동의 결과로써 결국 국제법으로 금지되었다. 현재 협약에 가입한 국가는 모두 137개국이다. 협약은 전문 및 19개조로 구성되어 있다.
The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide(UN)
Article 1.
The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.
Article 2.
In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
Article 3.
The following acts shall be punishable: (a) Genocide; (b) Conspiracy to commit genocide; (c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;
(d) Attempt to commit genocide; (e) Complicity in genocide.
Article 6.
Persons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in Article 3 shall be tried by a competent tribunal of the State in the territory of which the act was committed, or by such international penal tribunal as may have jurisdiction with respect to those Contracting Parties which shall have accepted its jurisdiction.
