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분야
docxSubject
Foreign policy & US Foreign Policy
US’s strategy toward Northeast Asia
1.The interest from Northeast Asia
2.The Northeast Asian Policy
1)Clinton Administration
2)Bush Administration
3)Obama Administration
3.China Threat & North Korea Threat
The USFK as the case of US strategy in East Asia
1.USFK
2.FOTA(Future ROK-US Alliance Policy Initiative) between Korea and US)
The Role of the USFK
1.Role of the Past
2.Current Role of USFK
3.Recent Changes of USFK Status
1)Relocation of USKF
2)Transfer of Wartime Operational Control (OPCON)
Conclusion
For many centuries, international order has been moving by the West, and West-oriented. However, due to the increase of importance on the Asia-Pacific region, the international order is focusing to this region gradually. In the 21st century, this region is facing confusion from its transition period and increase of uncertainty. The reason is that, although there are efforts made to ease political tensions among nations by reconciliation between the East and the West on the surface, many countries in the area, is competing each other to have competitive edge on military interest. So, there are big change in security and strategic environment.
1. The interest from Northeast Asia
We know that all of the US’ conducts are done based on national interest. And there are three interests US seek from Northeast Asia. First, it is ‘vital’ interest. It includes the prevention from appearing of new hegemony, steady security of free trade & Political influence, and nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The second is ‘Important’ interest. It related to human rights norm of the West countries, settlement of Territorial disputes, and maintenance of ARF/APEC. The third is ‘Beneficial’ interest. Support actively to the Unilateral/multilateral efforts for the protection of environment can be an example of this interest.
2. The Northeast Asian Policy
1) Clinton Administration
The end of cold war made US to have more interest in Northeast Asia. During the cold war period, US held up the strategy of ‘containment and deterrence’ toward the Communist bloc and took their national security interest seriously. But after the end of cold war, they mapped out the ‘Strategy of Engagement’ and Enlargement to communist countries and placed their economic interest to priority.
This is why US couldn’t neglect Northeast Asia, where one third of the total account of US trade was occurring as U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright said. According to this recognition, US announced ‘United States Security Strategy for the East Asia-Pacific Region’. This strategy emphasizes deeper intervention and direct leadership toward East Asia-Pacific Region for larger interest.
2) Bush Administration
In company with the post-Cold War, US established the basic policy objectives toward Northeast Asia and they are like the conversion from a lean-to-one-side policy to the policy which guard against Russia, maintenance of US-Japan cooperative system, the provision for China, stable control of Korean military and so forth.
And they tried to carry out the role being the balancer of this region. And from this role, they wanted to achieve following things.
First, America thought Northeast Asia will be cheek by jowl with them more and more because this region is rising as the center of International policy-economy, and they have continued the strategy of forward deployment for their national interest under the recognition. On the basis of this, they expanded the comprehensive engagement strategy. As part of the strategy, they operated traditional two-countries-level security alliance, parallel with the multi-national security cooperation. However, Bush showed dual intention by maintaining Northeast Asia order under their lead by enforcing MD system and tougher stance toward North Korea and China, and so forth. By showing these actions, he made clear that he would continue the Northeast Asian policy of Clinton’s Administration in the base.
The second is to have advantage in reducing cost by sharing it with the allies. This includes the regulation of US Army alignment, adjustment for military support-cost, and so on.
Through above things, America has carried out the role of balancer and this situation will be continued.
3) Obama Administration
Then, how about Obama Administration? Since this is his first year, we have to see some more to know how things will shape up, but the movement so far, says that he supports the Republican Party, and the Republican Party consider China as a strategic competitor. So, according to the change of the US’ attitude for China, East Asia will become more important than before.
3. China Threat & North Korea Threat
We can’t skip the ‘China Threat’ and ‘North Korea Threat’ in dealing with US’s strategy toward Northeast Asia. China Threat has risen to the surface after Bush Administration. And the objective is ‘policy switch toward East Asia’ and ‘readjustment of US forces in East Asia’. Especially, ‘U.S.-China Security Review’ points to their fear for China openly. Under this situation, US have many plans like forward deployment of air power/naval power and G
