영문초록
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a professional antigen presenting cell (APC) that has the ability to stimulate naive T-cells. They are widely distributed in all tissues, especially in those that provide an environmental interface. DCs exhibit a heterogeneous haematopoietic lineage, in that subsets from different tissues have been shown to posses a differential morphology, phenotype and function. It has been suggested that the myeloid and lymphoid-derived subsets of DCs perform specific stimulatory or tolerogenic function, respectively. DCs are derived from bone marrow progenitors and circulate in the blood as immature precursors prior to migration into peripheral tissues. Within different tissues, DCs differentiate and become active in the taking up and processing of antigens (Ags), and their subsequent presentation on the cell surface linked to major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. Upon appropriate stimulation, DCs undergo further maturation and migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues where they present Ag to T-cells and induce an immune response. DCs draw increasing scientific and clinical interest due to their key role in anti-cancer host responses and potential use as biological adjuvants in tumor vaccines, as well as their involvement in the immunobiology of tolerance and autoimmunity. Theseobservations have led to clinical trials designed to investigate the immunological and clinical effects of Ag-pulsed DCs administered as a therapeutic vaccine to patients with cancer. In the design and conduct of such trials, important considerations include Ag selection, methods for introducing tumor-associated antigens into MHC class I and II processing pathways, methods for isolating and activating DCs, and routes of administration. Although current DC-based vaccination methods are cumbersome and complex, promising preliminary results from clinical trials in patients with malignant lymphoma, melanoma, and prostate cancer suggest that immuno-therapeutic strategies, that take advantage of the unique properties of DCs, may ultimately prove both efficacious and widely applicable treatment in patients with cancer.
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