| Confucianism lacked study compared to other religions relating to view of birth and death. Confucianism sees birth and death as course of transforming to spirits by natural law, so birth and death became issue in metaphysics. Accordingly, they gave attention on view of the world focusing on reality rather than recognition on extension of life. Confucius says ``respect spirits while keeping distance away from the spirits`` or ``funeral for three years discussed with Jaeyeo`` in his Analects of Confucius. This reflects his interest and love for human and reality. Confucianism discusses about problems directly related to thoughts of belief in ancestor worship. It can be known that the problems became funeral rite system through formal logic of Neo-Confucianism which was governing doctrine in Chosun. This study, focused on this, basically developed religious aspect in Confucianism, basis of view of birth and death in Confucianism, governing doctrine and belief in ancestor worship in Korean Confucianism. Confucian scholars recognized categories of humanity and righteousness as virtues to be kept from perspective of doctrine of the innate goodness of human beings. Especially, the virtues are five moral imperatives such as 父子有親(Between father and son, there should be affection.), 君臣有義(Between ruler and minister, there should be righteousness), 夫婦有別(Between husband and wife, there should be attention to their separate functions), 長幼有序(Between old and young, there should be proper order (or hierarchy), 朋友有信(between friends, there should be faithfulness) which were emphasized by Mencius. And Dong Zhongshu called humanity, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and belief(仁,義,禮,智,信) as Five Constant Virtues, which correspond to Chin, Uoi, Byul, Seo, and Sin(親,義,別,序,信). Three Bonds had been transmitted along with categories of five moral imperatives and Zhu Xi etc. in Song dynasty established three categories such as Gunwisingang(君爲臣綱), Buwijagang(父爲子綱), Buwibugang(夫爲婦綱). As a result, moral system of Three Bonds and five moral imperatives were made. With introduction of 『Code of Family Propriey(朱子家禮)』, Three Bonds and five moral imperatives was internalized and formalized. Especially, Three Bonds and five moral imperatives is asset of Confucian culture which is an important factor of East Asian economic development. To criticize Three Bonds and five moral imperatives as rank conscious, personal connection conscious, group egoism etc. would be a problem to be tested -Three Bonds and five moral imperatives was expanded to negative extension. Any thoughts and religion has function and dysfunction, weakness and firmness. And if there was evil influence, it would be attributed to human who operated system of thoughts and religion. The most prominent characteristic of Confucianism is emphasis on filial piety. And family is put in top priority. Our ancestors who put importance on family or home thought of other group in the society compared to the blood ties group as a basic. Emphasis of filial piety and priority of family sometimes expanded problem of blood ties and relative because of development of ancestral hall, private academies, and Clan Register. Funeral for three years Confucius stressed in the dialogue with Jaeyeo is same case. Confucianism accepts death as truth of nature but rather is closer to religious education and ceremony which aimed to overcome death by prosperity of offspring. |
분야
儒敎, 宗敎性 問題, 生死觀, 祖上崇拜, 三綱五倫, Confucianism, issue on religious aspect, view of birth and death, belief in ancestor worship, Three Bonds and five moral imperatives 
