소개글
[언론사상] 프랑스의 계몽주의자와 언론 -몽테스키외, 볼테르, 루소의 사상을 중심으로에 대한 자료입니다.
목차
Ⅰ. 사상 정리
1. Introduction : Les Philosophes
2. Montesquieu : The Spirit of Laws
3. Voltaire : "I Will Defend to the Death…"
4. Rousseau : The General Will and Social
Responsibility
Ⅱ. 철학자들의 언론 사상에 대한 입장 정리
1. 사상정리
2. 몽테스키외 : 언론 권력에 대하여
3. 볼테르 : Human Interest와 만능기자,
표현의 다양성에 대하여
4. 루소 : 최대다수의 최대행복을 위한 언론과
언론의 교육적 기능에 대하여
Ⅲ. 참고 문헌
본문내용
Ⅰ. 사상 정리
1. Introduction : Les Philosophes
England thinkers of 17th century : In the individualism preached by English thinkers, there is no consideration about public service. Only freedom itself counts. English thinkers like Hobbes and Locke argued laissez-faire doctrine Especially since the invention of printing press, the freedom of expression have been more important because liberal expression affects their property. And in their world, human beings form the social contract for self-interest. Government is necessary to pursue freedom. It does not offer freedom but protects the individual's freedom. The English libertarians influenced the political philosophy of the United States. The English thinkers thought that laws are part of the natural order of things, part of God’s plan and they are reasonable. If the natural law were violated by government, rebellion would be permissible. This idea also had an influence on the editors of the American newspapers.
Les philosophes : After 1715(the death of Louis XIV), a flowering of thought started to occur in France. The direction of political ideas on the French is different from those of England. The England was concerned about political liberty and political things. On the other hand, the French thrust was mainly social and emphasized the civil liberty. The French emphasis was primarily social concerns. So they thought that the interests of society were more important than those of individuals. The chief spokesman for these social ideas was Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He had a greater impact on American journalism, education, the concept of free expression and the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The philosophes were not democrats. Only Rousseau was an avid democrat. When the philosophes urged freedom of expression, they were speaking of such freedom for representatives of their own class. 18th century is under the control of a monarch and an aristocracy. Concept of "the common" was excluded from argument of freedom until Rousseau.
2. Montesquieu : The Spirit of Laws
Mixed government : Montesquieu argued that a mixture of monarch, aristocracy, and democracy is most preferable. Mixed government is a dispensation which separate branches of government keep their eyes on one another in a system of checks and balances. Although mixed government was originally mentioned by Aristotle and Polybius, who disseminated this idea far and wide was Montesquieu. Especially, he emphasized a role of the legislature in the separation of the three powers.
Justice & Law : For success of the mixed government, law which pursues justice is essential. Montesquieu thought that justice is the chief virtue and the only justification for laws. He argued that law should ensure justice entirely. To him, justice is the foundation of law. And justice and law ought to have humanity and sensitivity. Good law ensures the triumph of justice and liberty. Appropriate control is kept by the law, and then the public good can be guaranteed.
* He said that law secures the liberty of the citizen. However, "the citizen" meant "the public". The public of those days signified the nobility except "the common". The common was excluded from the argument of liberty.
Education : Concept of education was derived from Montesquieu's view point of government. To him, the republican form of government was a moral system of government. But there was a possibility that republic can degenerate into the rule of the mob. To prevent this problem, he said, education is necessary. Education was a very important factor in the prevention of abuses by the powerful. He argued that legislators ought to provide information to the public through education. Then the result of education will conclude to national consent. This process is necessary because the government which he argued was based on the theory of social contract. The goal of education was to insure love of a free, democratic government. Although he ref
참고문헌
- 허버트 알철(1990), 『현대언론사상사』, 양승목(역), 나남출판사 2007
- 요한네스 힐쉬베르거(1981), 『서양철학사 하』, 강성위(역), 이문출판사 2007
- 오택섭, 강현두, 최정호 『미디어와 정보사회』, 나남출판 2006
- 김성은, 『인간을 위한 약속 사회계약론』, 아이세움 2006
- 김정훈, [누리꾼과 인터넷 실명제] 촌철살인, 악성 댓글에 대한 법적 책임의 한계는 어디인가
- 배병화(2005), 공익보도에 의한 명예훼손과 면책사유에 관한 연구, 전남대학교 대학원 박사학위 논문, 미간행
- 정상섭(2006), 참여정부의 언론정책과 언론과 정부의 상호 인식 비교 연구, 연세대학교 언론홍보대학원 석사학위논문, 미간행
- 류진동(2005), 언론, 출판에 의한 명예훼손에 관한 연구 : 한국과 미국의 판례를 중심으로, 연세대학교 정경대학원 석사학위논문, 미간행
- 장진숙(2007), 정보의 자유와 국가안보에 관한 연구 : 국민의 알 권리와 국가기밀보호에 대한 충돌을 중심으로, 부경대학교 대학원 석사학위논문, 미간행