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분야
pptxAccess to treatment
Critical challenges to HIV
New projections on HIV incidence
Effective Prevention Interventions
Inadequate current access to prevention
Addressing factors that increaseVulnerability to infection
Annual number of new HIV infections in Thailand 1985-2003
Emerging prevention successes?
Common elements of successful national efforts
->why? Easy to be more alerted in SS Africa. Especially visitors.
But Sustained treatment puts AIDS into chronic state
-> this kind of side effect will decrease overtime.
* DART trial (in uganda)
-Entebbe cohort: untreated control group
-> dramatic impact on survival rate
Upon antiretroviral therapy
1981-1992 : before the antiviral era
1996 : antiviral therapy actually began
-> much better response as the times go by.
Only about 25% of those in need of treatment currently receive it in the developing world.
Less than half of infected persons are eligible for treatment based on current guidelines(only eligible at advanced stages of diseases)
Treatment must be administered for lifetime and does not cure infection
Treatment regimens are complex, toxic, and expensive.
For every new person started on treatment in 2006, approximately 6 new infections occurred.
Sexual transmission
Abstinence, reduced sexual partners
Condoms- 80-90% protection with proper&consistent use
Male circumcision- 50-60% reduction in female to male transmission
Control sexually transmitted infections – reduce co-factors that facilitate transmission
Contaminated blood/needle exposure
IDU – reduce needle sharing, needle exchange programs, drug substitution programs
Screening of transfused blood products
Health care settings – universal precautions, post-exposure prophylaxis
