[행정수단론] 행정계약(영문)

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레포트 > 사회계열
2010.09.08
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[행정수단론] 행정계약(영문)에 대한 자료입니다.

-Contracting: design terms versus performance terms

-Pricing contracts

-Make-buy decision

-Assessment of contracting

-Competitive contracting versus cooperative contracting

-Tool selection of purchase of service contracting

-Management challenge in Contracting

-Grants: categorical grants and block grants - Scope of purposes

-Defining features of grants

-Loan versus grants

-Formula rants and project grants

-Trends in grants: growing grant mandates

-Grant: assessment

-Feature: Loan and Loan Guarantees

-Trends in loan and loan guarantee

-Servicing
Rationale for credit programs
T-ax expenditure: tool selection and assessment
Features of Voucher
Rationale for vouchers
Indirect government and accountability

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Management challenge in Contracting

Challenges for public agencies
Loss of control
Reliance on contracting may put the government in a vulnerable position where essential services are concerned and lead to some loss of control over the services they purchase.

Excessive costs
Experienced service providers may have an information advantage over the government when new services are contracted out.
Another disadvantage to extensive contracting are the transaction costs incurred in operating the process – advertising contracts, or so. These administrative costs may actually increase the overall costs of services well beyond those provided through traditional government agencies
Lack of sufficient providers (lack of competition)
The number of eligible provider agencies may be so small or nonexistent that the expected competition among providers does not occur.

Limited capabilities of provider agencies
The managerial competence of provider agencies poses problems for government in POS contracting
Role ambiguities
Clients may be unclear about who is really responsible for service decisions and therefore about where to direct their service complaints or questions.
Organizational complexity
Multiple organizations of different types, sizes, and missions often collide and conflict as much as they cooperate to serve human needs.

Challenges for provider agencies
Inappropriate or inadequate monitoring
The focus on the proper inputs and outputs means that client outcomes are often overlooked. Government administrators responsible for the services are not equipped professionally or organizationally to perform monitoring and oversight tasks.
Provider priorities and pressures
Each contractor has its own set of norms, goals, client groups, and philosophies that may conflict with whose of the government giving them money and soliciting their help.
To be competitive, agencies are under pressure to understate their indirect costs and low-ball the total cost or the per unit reimbursement rate.

Grants: categorical grants and block grants - Scope of purposes
First are categorical grants. That is grants that must be used for particular objectives as specified by the donor and agreed to by the recipient. (특정한 목적에 사용됨)
Second are so called block grants which provide assistance for fairly broadly defined functions (e.g., community development, social services) and leave the recipient more discretion in determining the precise use of the funds. Many current block grants in the U.S. were formed thru the consolidation or merger of several closely related categorical grant programs. (목적이 넓어서 grantee가 구체적인 사용법을 정할 수 있음)

Defining features of grants
Conceptually, grants are payments from a donor government to a recipient organization or an individual. More, specifically, they are a gift that has the aim of either stimulating or supporting some sort of service or activity by the recipient, whether it be anew activity or an ongoing one. Thru this device, government participates in the provision of a service, while leaving to anther entity the task of actual performance. Responsibility for providing the service thus is shared by multiple levels of government or by governments and private nonprofit entities. Grants are also offered by many private philanthropic

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