심장질환과 효소공학(영문)

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심장질환과 효소공학(영문)에 대한 자료입니다.
목차
1. Heart disease & cardiac enzymes
1.1 heart disease
1.2 The principle of detecting method using cardiac marker

2. Problem of the PBL
2.1 importance of detecting method
2.2 The diagnosis sensitivity and specificity
2.3 Requirements of ideal cardiac marker (cardiac enzymes)
2.4 Problem : Disease specificity of cardiac marker

3. Solution 1
3.1 Troponin
3.2 Adenylate kinase

4. Solution 2
4.1 Detecting Method
4.2 Obtaining antibody of Adenylate kinase 3 and Using ELISA
4.2.1 Extraction of AK3 antibody
4.2.2 Using ELISA technique
4.3 Result

5. Summary

Reference

본문내용
1. Heart disease & cardiac enzymes

1.1 heart disease
Team#5 has had researches about diagnosis of cardiovascular disease using cardiac marker (cardiac enzyme). Cardiovascular disease (heart disease) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). Cardiovascular diseases remain the biggest cause of deaths worldwide, through over the last two decades, cardiovascular mortality rates have declined in many high-income countries. At the same time cardiovascular deaths and disease have increased at an astonishingly fast rate in low- and middle-income countries. There are various kinds of heat disease like coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, and so on.

1.2 The principle of detecting method using cardiac marker
The principle of detecting method is simple. when the heart muscles are damaged by some reasons, the cardiac enzymes existing in heart muscles are emitted in blood vessels. by detecting the change of the concentration of cardiac enzymes, we can diagnose the heart disease.






2. Problem of the PBL

2.1 importance of detecting method
AMI (acute myocardial infarction) is the common type of heart disease. It occur during the period when circulation to a region of the heart is obstructed and necrosis is occurring.
Over 50 % of the patients who visit an emergency room for heart pain go back to home because of wrong diagnosis. and 0.8 % of the wrong diagnosis lead patients to death. In this reason, developing advanced diagnosis method is still required for fast and accurate diagnosis.
ECG (electrocardiography) is common method for diagnosing AMI. By using several diagnosis methods, we can get definite diagnosis for heart disease. however, The sensitivity of the ECG is about 65 %. It means that diagnosis method using cardiac enzymes is important to increase diagnosis sensitivity.




2.2 The diagnosis sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity is the number of true positive results (TP) divided by the sum of true positive and false negative (FN) results, i.e., sensitivity = TP/(TP + FN). Specificity is the number of true negative results (TN) divided by the sum of true negative and false positive (FP) results, i.e., specificity = TN/(TN + FP). The diagnosis accuracy increase when the methods get higher specificity and sensitivity.
In this PBL, we assume that the diagnosis using cardiac marker can solve the problem of sensitivity. However, the problem of specificity is so obvious when we use cardiac marker because they are exist in various part of the body.
참고문헌


1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_marker
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease
3. http://blog.naver.com/hyouncho2?Redirect=Log&logNo=60089076575
4. http://sev.iseverance.com/heart/healthinfo/review/case/view.asp?con_no=48558
&page=1&SearchField=&SearchWord=
5. http://www.kormedics.co.kr/arr/arr_03.htm
6. http://blog.naver.com/someonenice?Redirect=Log&logNo=10078230373



1. Hassan M.E. Azzazy, Robert H. Christenson, “Cardiac markers of acute coronary syndromes: is there a case for point-of-care testing?”, 2002
2. Ryu Y. G. Characterization and Clinical Application of the Adenylate Kinase as a New Diagnostic Marker for Myocardial Infaction. 2010