The younger children is exposed to a richer second language environment
Being more comfortable using second language
The older children had to deal with many other subjects.
Being more comfortable using mother tongue
Younger child
Think with English
Speak with English
Older child
Think with First language
Speak with English
language is taught actively through movement, the right brain “believes” the information and retains it, in the same way that skills such as swimming or riding a bicycle are remembered long term.
Asher sees TPR as directed to right-brain learning, whereas most second language teaching methods are directed to left-brain learning. Asher holds that the child language learner acquires language t
CLT (Communicative Language Teaching)
Communicative Language Teaching refers to
An approach to language teaching methodology that
emphasizes the development of a learners’
communicative competence
in the target language.
CLT (Communicative Language Teaching)
Classroom goals are focused on all of the components of CC and not restricted to gramma
Script(文字) : Visible Marks For Record
Condition = a language unit : a letter = 1 : 1
cf. Signal fire(烽火) or sign language(手语) is not a script
Logographic Writing(表意文字)
- Pictograph(象形文字)
Sumerian(B.C 3100), Egyptian(B.C 3000),
Hittite(B.C 1500), Chinese character(汉字, B.C 1300)
Phonographic Writing(表音文字)
- A syllabic script(音
language. Therefore, learners have to be able to gamble a bit, to be willing to try out hunches about the language and take the risk of risk taking both in the classroom and in natural settings. Individuals learning a second language can face other negative consequences if they make mistakes. Beebe(1983, p.40) described some of the negative ramifications that foster fear of risk taking both in th