motility 조절
1) 3가지 수준에서 GI smooth muscle의 활성 조절
-extrinsic system(vagal, sympathetic nerves)
-intrinsic system 과 종주근 사이에 위치한 ganglia
-평활근에 분포하는 receptors
2) 장관에서는 부교감 신경이 우세
- 대부분의 위장관에 미주 신경 분포(일부 골반신경)
- Muscarinic(M2) receptor는 fasting 동안 phasic b
▦ Physiologic Action of Gut Hormones
Criteria
① Peptide must be related into blood during time that a biologic response in a target organ is being stimulated or inhibited
② IV infusion of pure natural peptide must reproduce the effect on target organ
③ Synthetic peptide should reproduce the effect found with natural peptide
④ Circulating concentration of peptide that cause stimulat
Laboratory Monitoring of Patients with HIV Infection
Patients with CD4+ T cell counts <200/L are at high risk of disease from P. jiroveci, while patients with CD4+ T cell counts <50/L are at high risk of disease from CMV, mycobacteria of the M. avium complex (MAC), and/or T. gondii. Patients with HIV infection should have CD4+ T cell measurements performed at the time of diagnosis and every 3&
Syndrome Air flow Episodes/hr SaO2
UARS No significant decrease >15 No decrease
OSHS Decrease of 30-50% in air flow for >10s >15 May be associated with a decrease of 3-4%
OSAS Cessation of air flow for >10s >5 Usually associated with a decrease of >4%
* All three Syndromes have arousal associated with increasing ventilatory effort and excessive daytime sleepiness
APNEIC EVENT : cess