government when new services are contracted out.
Another disadvantage to extensive contracting are the transaction costs incurred in operating the process – advertising contracts, or so. These administrative costs may actually increase the overall costs of services well beyond those provided through traditional government agencies
Lack of sufficient providers (lack of competition)
The
background of theory
19c administration paradigm = bureaucracy
1970's Anti-government, tax, bureaucracy
new managerialism (UK)/ entrepreneurial government
(USA)
the government can’t resolve
social, economic issues
for increasing national competitiveness
recession period of 80” fiscal crisis
and the legislative branch. On the other side coin, Germany is a parliamentary government. a cabinet is organized based on trust of assembly and a prime minister have a politcal power. So, there is cooperation of parliamentary government and adminstration than a presidential system. therefore, We have to study that how adminstration is influenced by difference of a political system.
Intro
Luther gulick and his writings are directly and obviously central to those concerns.
Gulick’s
first publication in 1920
(a book-length version og his doctoral dissertation)
last publication in 1990
(an article in Public Administration Review)
Gulick’s work reflects many of the emphases of the reform movement of the early twentieth century as it applied to public-sector orga
Q. What is the local government innovation
Local administration innovation can be defined as settling a administration practice that never existed before in local administration successfully and represent the overall activity of introducing new administration practice.
That is to say organizational culture, system, work process, group composition, management technique etc.
To admin