in situ (CIS). This lesion is by definition high grade and hence not assigned a grade. In about half the patients with invasive bladder cancer, at the time of presentation the tumor has already invaded the bladder wall, and there is no associated precursor lesion. In these cases, it is presumed that the precursor lesion has been destroyed by the high-grade invasive component, which typically
[PBL] Bladder cancer의 pathology
