Tolerance limit and VIF in Collinearity statistics are indexes that judge multicollinearity of factor variables. Collinearity means relationship between two independent variables. For example, if coefficients correlation of two factor variables is 1, these variables have perfect Collinearity. And if coefficients correlation is 0, they have Collinearity not at all. Especially, relationship among 3
of a legally protected interest which is concrete and particularized.
③ Causation & Redressability
There must be a causal connection between the injury and the conduct complained of-the injury has to be “fairly ... trace[able] to the challenged action of the defendant, and not ... th[e] result [of] the independent action of some third party not before the court.”
It must be “likely,”
Hierarchical pyramid structure
The judge's independent and creative role can be disregarded
Closed organization
Cut off from the public
Ideal
Open and rational organization
Horizontal organization which is fair and equal position for all judge
Organization based on expertise and knowledge
Decentralized decision and empowerment
The recruitment methods of the judicial sys
of military-to-military ties. In formal case, U.S government says they don't support Taiwan independence. Then, we can have question. Was more worth selling weapons to Taiwan than U.S. keep relations with PRC? Can we say this decision was rational?
1) The view of Effect
As we mentioned above, the United States' 'One China policy' based on the three U.S-China joint communiqué and the
of their funding from the local government, they are often unable or unwilling to deliver a verdict contrary to the local expectations, especially in politically sensitive cases. Courts are also subject to both government and Communist Party authority, and must please both masters. This lack ofindependence stifles any legal creativity on the part ofjudges that might otherwise limit the scope o