materials with a dielectric constant less than the dielectric constant of silicon dioxide, κ<4
First low-κ was applied at the 180nm technology node
Year of Production 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Technology node 65 45 32
DRAM ½ Pitch (nm) 70 65 57 50 45 40 36 32
MPU ½ Pitch (nm)
78 68 59 52 45 40 36 32
Interlevel metal insulator – effective dielectric constan
instrument composition
-Electric furnace
Temperature range:
25°C~1500°C
Heat speed :
Maximum 200°C/min
*Separate Electric furnace and other system like Electronic scale
-Because Electric furnace temperature is very high
so we need to protect other system.
instrument composition
-Electric furnace
Temperature range:
25°C~1500°C
Heat speed :
Maximum 200°C/min
*N
Inorganic phosphor
○ A phosphor, most generally, is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence.
○ Phosphors are often transition metal compounds or rare earth compounds of various types.
○“Classical” inorganic phosphors usually consist of a host lattice with activator ions doped into it in small concentrations, typically a few mole percent or less.
Host lattice &
properties
investigating transition metal oxides
specific morphologies
nanostructured materials
→ the charge storage from faradaic processes occurring at the surface of the material
→ the pseudo-capacitive effect, becomes increasingly important
mesostructured materials
→ enhanced oxidation and reduction kinetics
→ the relatively short diffusion path length for ions and electrons
Cell Culture
∙ What is cell culture?
생물체의 조직편이나 조직에서 분리된 세포들을 생물체내의 환경과 동일한 배양시스템에서 유지시켜 줌으로써 조직이나 세포의 원래 기능을 보유하도록 하는 기술의 한 방법
∙ 동결보존이 필요한 이유
주세포의 경우 계대배양 중에 세포 모양이나 성질이