internal integration) 단계
조직 내 다른 부문의 시스템과 응용을 통합하여 활용하는 단계를 말한다. 이 단계에서는 수작업의 자동화 개념뿐만 아니라 IT를 활용한 효과성의 향상, IT 플랫폼을 부문간에 공통적으로 활용하는 것 등이 포함된다. 이 단계에서 조직의 효율과 효과를 제고하기 위해서는 조직내
integration than multilateral trade agreements because negotiations occur among a smaller number of like minded partners.
RTAs may therefore have a positive demonstration effect on multilateral trade negotiations.
1952 ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community)
↓
1957 EEC (European Economic Community)
↓
1967 EC (European Community)
↓
1993 EU (European Union)
The econom
3. Alternatives
We’ll going to suggest our alternatives. We’ll discuss the solutions from one of the major dairy firm’s point of view.
1) Outsourcing intermediate channel
We can outsource intermediation to reliable intermediate agency. Then we can focus on our production.
2) Internalizing intermediate channel
Another solution of managing supply chain is vertical integration. W
integration pursued by Zara, H&M outsources all of its production and operates a single format which increases operating expenses. Such choice of outsourcing all production is reflected in a relatively low PPE to sales ratio of 15.5% which contributes to higher capital turnover, and thereby, higher ROIC. On the other hand, Inditex which sticks to vertical integration needs its own production plan
integration. Amazon explore to new kinds of online retail venture such as purchasing Livebid.com to enter online auctions. Amazon bigger their businesses to the global scale as well. For global expansion, Amazon first enter into English speaking countries by acquire overseas Internet companies that already had strong presence in local domestic market. Acquisition is a way of wholly owned subsidia