of persistently high food losses from infestation, contamination, and spoilage; mounting concerns over food-borne diseases; and growing international trade in food products that must meet strict import standards of quality and quarantine, all areas in which food irradiation has demonstrated practical benefits when integrated within an established system for the safe handling and distribution of f
of applying these processes include drying, spray drying, freeze drying, freezing, vacuum-packing, canning, preserving in syrup, sugar crystallization, food irradiation, and adding preservatives or inert gases such as carbon dioxide. Other methods that not only help to preserve food, but also add flavor, include pickling, salting, smoking, preserving in syrup or alcohol, sugar crystallization and
of energy absorbed per kilogram of food being irradiated , rad (1 Gy = 100 rads).
International health and safety authorities have endorsed the safety ofirradiation for all foods up to a dose level of 10,000 Gy (10 kGy).
1895 Discovery of X-rays
1986 Discovery of natural radioctivity
1904 Describing the bactericide effects
What is a Hologram?
A special type of picture in which the object seen to be three -dimensional
(solid rather than flat)
That is, it use interference of two laser beam
※Holography – Techniques of designing and reconstructing holograms
Differences between Hologram and Photograph
Photograph ; only intensity distribution
Hologram ; both intensity and phase distribution
Properti
of the biomass for solving the problem of biofuel production, and it can be used not only for biodiesel production but also for bioethanol production. Bioethanol can be produced by starch from algae through hydrolyze, pre-treatment and fermentation process, After algae produce sugar or starch from carbon dioxide, sunlight and water, those free complex carbohydrates turned into fermentable sources