liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the immune cholangiopathies of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Panacinar or lobular hepatitis is within the histologic spectrum of AIH (Fig. 1-2), and centrilobular (Rappaport zone 3) necrosis has been described in AIH and may indicate an early stage of the disease before the development of interface he
1. What are anabolic steroids?
(1) Definition and structure of anabolic steroids
Anabolic steroids - or more precisely, anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone.
The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids mimic those of testosterone. Natually synthesized hormones, such as testosterone, are types of lipids. they have a four-ring carbon skeleton and are synthe
Microflora ?
Consists of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of animals and is the largest reservoir of human flora.
“forgotten” organ
Bacteria up to 60% of the dry mass of feces
If bacterium has 1㎛ diameter, the length of 100 trillion bacteria is about 100 thousand kilometer.
It means we can turn around the earth twice and half with these bacteria.
Functions of gu
Peptides are released by neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus into the hypophyseal portal venous blood surrounding the pituitary which are the major controllers of GH secretion by the somatotropes.
balance of these stimulating and inhibiting peptides determines GH release, this balance is affected by many physiological stimulators (e.g., exercise, nutrition, sleep) and inhibitors of GH s
(2) Active targeting
Nanoparticle passive targeting can be enhanced by ‘active targeting’, where specific ligands (peptides, antibodies, aptamers, or small molecules) are attached to the nanoparticle surface to bind receptors/antigens overexpressed on cancer cells. Targeting increases accumulation in tumors and lessens exposure to healthy tissue, which can improve a toxic drug’'s therape