Margaret Naumburg
American psychologist, educator, artist, author.
In 1940s, she introduced art as a therapeutic modality
She found that clients’ spontaneous drawing is helpful to diagnose them.
She believe that unconscious thinking and emotion can be expressed in people’s drawing directly.
She considered drawing is one of Dynamically Oriented Are Therapy
b. Genetics
In researches about genetic factor,strong geneticrisk modifierhas not been discovered. Some researches have been conducted, but their results conflicts, and they are difficult to retest. Moreover, even if research has been conducted, the same results seldom occur.
c. Nongenetics
As nongenetic factors, there are stress, emotional trauma and viral infections. One famous example
② Exposure (Structuralized Progressive Exposure)
Exposure means training that faces the anxiety feeling repetitively and progressively until the frightened situation can’t cause fear. Mostly, exposure is considered as essential element of CBT. Actually, exposure can be more powerful than cognitive therapy in order to change client’s negative thought. Clients can learn the fact that dange
Brief Existential therapy 주요학자
Bugental (1916. 12. 25 ~ 2008. 9. 17)
- Existential-Humanistic Therapy 주장,
- Rollo may & Carl Rogers의 영향
- 50년 사람 가르침, 저술, 능동적 치료자 역할
- 1955년 오하이오 주립대 : Fellow of the American
Psychological Association 불리는 학위
- APA's Division of Humanistic Psychology's
I. 빅터 프랭클 VIKTOR FRANKL (1905-1997)
1. 생애
- 빅터 프랭클은 1905년 비엔나에서 출생하였다. 그는 어릴 적부터 학교에서 조숙한 질문을 해서 선생님들을 당황시켰다. 그 예를 들자면, 프랭클이 14세 때, 과학선생님이 생명이란 최후의 분해에서 단지 연소의 과정에 지나지 않는다고 설명하였더니, 그