such as visible or ultraviolet light
Absorption and generation of exciton
Dissociation and separation
Transport and collection
PCBM has a drawback and thus contributed very little to the absorption of solar light.
- using other acceptors which absorbs at longer wavelengths
- stacking solar cells based on materials that absorb in different wavelength region
Crosstalk among neighboring interconnects
Capacitive crosstalk roughly proportional to kc=CIMD /CILD
⇒ Mainly fixed by the aspect ratio of lines and vias
⇒ Crosstalk level increases at each new generation
Induces delay uncertainty
A low-κ dielectric materials with a dielectric constant less than the dielectric constant of silicon dioxide, κ<4
First low-κ was applied at the
First, Substrate is consists of a plastic or glass, a portion of the OLED is supportive.Anode is a role that make electron holes when current flows by removing electron. And the upper Conducting Layer is the place that Electron Holes is being created.Emissive Layer is the place accepting an electron from Cathode and produce light.
Emissive layer and conducting layer are called organic layer beca
What is Bioenergy?
Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources. Biomass is any organic material which has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. As a fuel it may include wood, wood waste, straw, manure, sugarcane, and many other byproducts from a variety of agricultural processes.
So, Why do we produce Bioenergy?
One reason governments
materials
One of the defining characteristics of living organisms is their inherent ability to repair physical damage. A growing trend in biomimicry is the creation of non-living structural materials that also have the capacity to heal themselves when cut, torn or cracked. Self-healing materials which can repair damage without external human intervention could give manufactured goods longer li