social work의 두가지 접근(dual approach)중 ‘사회환경’보다는 클라이언트라는 ‘인간’에 더욱 분석의 초점을 두었던 것이다. 사회변화 보다는 클라이언트 개인을 변화시키려는 그 지나친 집착으로 오늘날 미국의 사회사업은 개인을 다루는 전문직으로선 성공했으나 지역사회 나아가 국가의 사회문제 전
funds and programmes) affect our lives and make the world a better place. One of the central mandates of the United Nations is the promotion of economic and social development.
2) What is UNDP?
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UN's global development network. UNDP is currently present on the ground in 166 countries, working with them on their own solutions to global
: low-incomer
pension of the old
: 70% of income
pension of the deceased
: partner + child = 60%
: etc = 25%
pension of the disabled
: 66~100%
The oldest system of
Social security of Germany company
A similar to retirement pension(single sum)
: In-company accumulative method
Legal relationship between the employer
and the employees
have led to the gradual introduction of per capita risk-adjusted allocations to the sickness fund.
Luxembourg :
the Union of Sickness Funds directly covers the expenses for services delivered on a contract basis.
Germany :
a mixed system whereby expenditure for pensioners was covered jointly by all funds.
Switzerland :
the equalization mechanism is limited to each canton.
Pension program under National Pension Act.
Valuation of Financial Equilibrium of National Pension and Adjustment of Benefits
Early Pension
Purpose:
strong personality to making up the large funds for economic development than the original purpose of the pension 'stable security in old age.
Recently Pension
Purpose:
The National Pension pro