political leaders chose to utilize regionalism as their election strategy or campaign vehicles. Each party created by the two leaders saw regional cleavage as a strong resource they could mobilize in order to gain support and win the 13th presidential election. All efforts were exerted to gain votes from each provinces and this election created the base for the regional cleavage to root deeply in
political leaders chose to utilize regionalism as their election strategy or campaign vehicles. Each party created by the two leaders saw regional cleavage as a strong resource they could mobilize in order to gain support and win the 13th presidential election. All efforts were exerted to gain votes from each provinces and this election created the base for the regional cleavage to root deeply in
Introduction
Significant difference of party preference
Yeongnam vs. Honam region case
: strong ties with specific party
Other regions case: different dimension
“Is major social cleavage changing in Korea?”
Regional, Generation, and Ideology Cleavage
: major cleavages in Korean society
Theoretical Basis
Lipset & Rokkan: Social cleavages affect party system
Part
Parties and party system
Both the Netherlands and Belgium have complex multi-party systems
Both use proportional representation that smaller parties can enter parliament
Cleavages in parties
Religion
significant but slowly diminishing
Class and ideology
separated liberals and social democrats
Emerging cleavages
anti-immigrants and anti-European sentiment
The aforementioned situation was the context in which Stupak confronted in pursing his pro-life objectives. The main source of the crucial leverage Stupak and his dozen allies were able to exert was the thin margin of victory for the health care reform. The House version (H.R. 3962) of health reform which included the Stupak-Pitts Amendment passed in the House only by a margin of 5 votes in Novem