Construct of CC (Michael Canale & Merril Swain)
Grammatical Competence
: aspect of CC that encompasses “knowledge of lexical items and rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammar semantics, and phonology.”
Discourse Competence
: the ability we have to connect sentences in stretches of discourse and to form a meaningful whole out of a series of utterances.
→ Reflect the us
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
The first language system interferes with the second language system.
Structural analysis on the two language would enable teachers to predict the difficulties in acquiring second language.
It is quite common to detect where the speaker is from just by listening to his/her accent.
e.g.) French
Ladies and gentlemen
Language transfer
( =L1 interference, linguistic interference, cross meaning)
speakers or writers applying knowledge from
their native language to a second language.
1) Positive transfer (facilitation)
When the relevant unit or structure of
both languages is the same, linguistic interference can result in correct language production.
e.g.) Korean - Japanese
2) Negati
Past habitual narratives (Modal and Phrasal Modal Sequences)
C. Future scenarios (Modal and Phrasal Modal Sequence )
Extra :
a. Habitual present narrative (Tense and Aspect Sequences)
Short contrasts, past vs. present (Modal and Phrasal Modal Sequences)
Short future plan + expected outcome (Modal and Phrasal Modal Sequence)
Frame: present perfect
Elaboration : simple past
Socially responsible entrepreneurs: What do they
do to create and build their companies?
Dav id Y. Choi
*
, Edmund R. Gray
College of Business Administration, Loyola Marymount University, One LMU Drive,
Los Angeles, CA 90045-2659, U.S.A.
1. Socially responsible entrepreneurs:
What do they do to build and grow
their companies?
In contrast to [Milton] Friedman, I do not believe
maximizing prots for