Dialysis
What is dialysis?
Dialysis is a membrane process where solutes (MW~<100 Da) diffuse from one side of the membrane (feed side) to the other (dialysate or permeate side) according to their concentration gradient. First application in the 70’s.
General Principles
Separation between solutes is obtained as a result of differences in diffusion rates.
These are arising from differe
water in a double-stage CO2 cycle.
For these processes, efficiencies above 50 % can be expected and could possibly lead to a major decrease of hydrogen production costs. The main technical issues for these high-temperature processes relate to materials development for corrosion resistance at high temperatures, high-temperature
membrane and separation processes, heat exchangers, and heat stora
1. Introduction
1) Definition of preservation and food-spoilage micro-organisms
Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop or greatly slow down spoilage (loss of quality, edibility or nutritive value) caused or accelerated by micro-organisms. Some methods, however, use benign bacteria, yeasts or fungi to add specific qualities and to preserve food (e.g., cheese, wine
water to supply their troops.
In 1949, UCLA first investigated desalination of seawater using semipermeable membranes. Researchers from both UCLA and the University of Florida successfully produced fresh water from seawater in the mid-1950s.
MED is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination
MED consists of multiple stages or "effects“. In each stage the feed w