Anatomy and function of the respiratory tracts
Upper respiratory tract
-Nasal cavity
-Pharynx
-Larynx
Lower respiratory tract
-Trachea
-Bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Alveoli
Function
-가스교환을 위해 폐포로 공기운반
-공기정화, 습기제공
-체온유지를 위해 흡입된 가스의 온도조절
-섬모를 이용하여 점액을 위로 이동
Inspiration – Diaphragm and intercostals muscles contract resulting in increased volume and decreased pressure in the thoracic cavity; air rushes in
Expiration – Diaphragm and intercostals muscles relax resulting in decreased volume and increased pressure in the thoracic cavity; air pushed out
Laboratory Monitoring of Patients with HIV Infection
Patients with CD4+ T cell counts <200/L are at high risk of disease from P. jiroveci, while patients with CD4+ T cell counts <50/L are at high risk of disease from CMV, mycobacteria of the M. avium complex (MAC), and/or T. gondii. Patients with HIV infection should have CD4+ T cell measurements performed at the time of diagnosis and every 3&