of detailed procedural arrangements will be avoided, as will the identification of the procedures and arrangements at particular airports. This type ofinformation is best regarded as restricted, and it is wisely made available only to those who need to know. A more complete reference available on a restricted basis can be found in ICAO 1992 (Security Manual).
The gravity of the illegal acts ag
of training occurs at the informal level; employees learn from the seniors and other colleagues. Such informality can be problematic in that there will be individual differences depending on the person the newcomers learn from and situational contexts they are in. Also, due to the lack ofofficial training sessions, the employees do not really have an opportunity to completely grasp and comprehen
of the changing security climate. Factors that can radically alter the security threat in a particular country or at a particular airport are political agitation or unrest and widespread publicity of other security incidents. Figure 1.2 indicates the conceptual structure of the security planning cycle. Reassessment of threat should take into account not just the levelof threat, but also perceive
of diamonds and fine jewelry may not choose to shop online because online distribution channel has a lot of inconvenience itself. For example, consumers want to physically handle and examine products, especially when they buy luxury products such as diamonds. Also, they concern about the security of online transactions and the privacy ofpersonal information. They have to wait until the product i
The head of state is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commonly referred to as the "King". The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected to a five-year term by and from amongst the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states; the other four states, which have titular Governors, do not participate in the selection. By informal agreement the position is systematically rotated between the nine. The system of