Construct of CC (Michael Canale & Merril Swain)
Grammatical Competence
: aspect of CC that encompasses “knowledge of lexical items and rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammar semantics, and phonology.”
Discourse Competence
: the ability we have to connect sentences in stretches of discourse and to form a meaningful whole out of a series of utterances.
→ Reflect the us
Defining Motivation
How do you define motivation?
-> The extent to which you make choices about
(a) goals to pursue
(b) the effort you will
devote to that pursuit
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
The first language system interferes with the second language system.
Structural analysis on the two language would enable teachers to predict the difficulties in acquiring second language.
It is quite common to detect where the speaker is from just by listening to his/her accent.
e.g.) French
Ladies and gentlemen
& Chard. 2000). Teachers at both preschool and primary grade levels are no making strong connections between project learning and state standards. With the integration of a balance of skill-based and interest-based activities and a focus on broad learning goals, the project approach is finding its place as a viable approach to engaging children in meaningful, purposeful learning activities.
In 1861, he was born in Kraljevec where is located on the boarder between Austria and Hungary.
His father was railroader, so he was interested in technology civilization and the mysteries of nature .
In German-speaking countries, he started his work as a research worker of Goethe.
From 1900s he worked in Theosophical Society and used the method of mental science, called ‘Anthroposophia’