night-lights data)
access (via roads, avigable rivers, and coastline) to the land
Humans have been successful in their efforts to avoid predators, produce food, and create trade, thereby enhancing their well-being.
The gains associated with domestication of crops and grazing animals have been counterbalanced by tradeoffs. Modern agroecosystem, industrialization of fisheries
of Oil Spill [1/3]
The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Case
-the most expensive cost was spent
-3,700 ton oil spill
-Even 21 years couldn’t remove the oil !
2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
– far beyond the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill !
Seriousness of Oil Spill [3/3]
Only 4% of remaining oil is degraded naturally for a year ...
Surviving oil attacks environmental ecosystem
Wildlife Overview
Wildlife traditionally refers to non-domesticated
vertebrates, but has come to broadly refer to all
wild plants, animals and other organisms.
Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems.
Deserts, forests, rain forests, plains, grasslands, and other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife.
고임이라는 오랜 과정을 통하여 다양한 생물의 존재를 부양함으로써 완벽한 생산과 소비의 균형을 갖추고 있는 하나의 생태계(ecosystem)이다.
습지 고유의 환경은 다양한 생명체의 서식처를 제공하는 반면, 습지의 생물들은 이 환경의 생태적 기능을 안정된 수준으로 유지되게 하는 역할을 담당한다.
NG Emission (Noxious Gas emission)
Produced by navigation
result from the combustion of fuel
The principal pollutants :
1) soot
2) particulate matter (PM), sulfur-rich fuels
The effect of NG emission
Local & Regional effect
Acid rain
Photochemical smog
human health (respiratory, asthma)
Global Effect
NG Regulat