as a result of the interaction of business norms and
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professional norms, newsworkers who are based
in the organization itself and whose contact with newsworkers
in competing organizations is limited in duration are likely to see
their organization incompetition with other organizations
the entertainment norms embodied in television’s appearance
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of performance notion shou
In other words, newsworkers utilize a calculus that includes the legitimate value of disputing sources and conflict when balancing their relationship with sources and the demand for work. The calculus is only made more complex by factors of professionalism, isolation, and group norms, which are discussed below.
2-2) Professional Norms vs. Business Norms
News organizations employ a large numbe
Releasing new and improved quality production
Increasing production capacity
Establishing efficient distribution channel
Establishing localized corporate image and public services
Reflect social norms in product development for a higher brand image
Growing price competition
in determining the precise use of the funds. Many current block grants in the U.S. were formed thru the consolidation or merger of several closely related categorical grant programs. (목적이 넓어서 grantee가 구체적인 사용법을 정할 수 있음)
Defining features of grants
Conceptually, grants are payments from a donor government to a recipient organization or an individual.
Rope Pull: greater levels of productivity but with diminishing returns as group size increases
Caused by either equity concerns or a diffusion of responsibility (free riders)
Managerial Implications
Build inindividual accountability
Prevent social loafing by:
Setting group goals
Increasing intergroup competition
Using peer evaluation
Distributing group rewards based on individual effort