Third-person effect (3PE)
Davison (1983)
People tend to overestimate effects of media on others while underestimating effects on themselves.
“It’s greatest impact will not be on “me” or “you”, but on them—the third-persons.”
3PE Components
Perceptual Component
People assume that communications influence others more than the self (3PP)
Behavioral Component
Peo
influence theories)과 매스미디어로부터 정보나 영향은 일단 의견지도자를 거쳐 궁극적인 수용자에게 전달된다는 2단계 흐름이론(two-step flow theory) 등이 제한효과 이론에 속한다.
이후 1960년대 중반 그 이전의 연구가 매스미디어의 설득적 효과에만 초점을 맞추었던 점에 주목한 연구자들이 미디어의 학습
Finance and real economy aspect
Major economic indicator
Stock market
High debt + budget deficit
distrust of world market
PSI20 index decrease sharply
But, increase a bit b.o tight financing policy
Background of the crisis
Huge welfare expenditure
Too many public service personnel
Industrial structure focused on service
Bad effect of Euro
effect. Through the variable calculation, we got the mean of PPL effect. We set this to independent variable and set Cognitive, Emotional tourism destination image to dependent variable.
The result of regression analysis is
. PPL effect have a positive(+) effect on Cognitive, Emotional tourism destination image.
The influence of PPL effect about Cognitive image was 0.512. Coeffi
Bullet theory
Behaviorist psychology
Instant, direct, and uniform effects
The members of audience are Powerless
(S-R model)
Selective influence theory
Two-step flow
Media effects
on attitude change in a political context
Selective use of the media
- Selective exposure, perception, and retention
Agenda