1. Systematic Interlanguage Variation
√ linguistic environment
√ social condition
√ interlocutor
√ physical location
(Tarone 1979, 1988)
2. Debate between SLA researcher & theoretician
Non-variationist Variationist
View of language Language as an idealized form
(exclude variations) IL variation
(include variations)
Focus Internal mental pr
variation, errors in the ordering processes, inventory record accuracy
Inventory management
Drop-shipment
Advantages to Retailers:
No inventory cost
No shipping cost and hassles
Buy at wholesale price, sell at retail price
Easier to maintain a huge list
Less risky
Less working capital required.
Where to Produce?
Amazone-retailer, does not produce any goods but sell s
were the norm
Type of coffee
- Arabica: 2/3 portion, milder and smoother coffee, European and North American preferred. Produced by Brazil, Colombia and Central America(Starbucks purchased only Arabica)
- Robusta: 1/3 portion, Lower altitude, more tolerant to climatic variations and disease, matured more quickly, bitter-tasting bean with a higher caffeine content. Lower price than Arabica
Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana. Oettinger (1966)
컴퓨터가 자연적인 언어(natural language)를 처리하도록 하는 데에 있어서의 어려움에 대한 초기의 연구에서, Anthony Oettinger는 우리가 예상되는 구조(expected structure)에 기반하여 어떻게 문장을 번역하는지, 그리고 우리가 번역하며 오류를 범했을 때,
오스트레일리아의 대륙에 처음으로 발을 디딘 사람은 Warramurrungunji라는 여성이다. 그냐는 바다로부터 북오스트레일리아 섬에 나타났고, 내륙으로 향하였으며, 그 과정에서 아이들을 낳고, 각 아이들을 특정 공간에 두었다. 그녀가 들판을 가로질러 이동하며, Warramurrungunji는 각 아이들에게 “나는 너희