and not scarce. However, in this industry, customers have comparatively high brand loyalty though it requires low no switching costs for customers. Recently, government tries to legislate a law to give subsidy to this industry. In conclusion, we can say that threat of new entrants is comparatively high.
iv. Substitutes (Threat of Substitute - high)
In this industry, Brand loyalty of custome
influence of cartel
1)By increasing prices,
and 2)decreasing outputs
Cartel harms consumer’s benefit
History of the Leniency Program
Since the adoption of the U.S.
of the Leniency Program in 1973,
numerous countries, such as the EU,
the UK, Australia, have adopted it.
South Korea also adopted the program
in 1997
(legislated in 1996, enforced from 1997)
and the Federal District.
Brazil is a federation composed of twenty-six States, one federal district (which contains the capital city, Brasília) and municipalities. States have autonomous administrations, collect their own taxes and receive a share of taxes collected by the Federal government. They have a governor and a unicameral legislative body elected directly by their voters. They
and Obesity, 80 percent of consumers want this information. Only four states - California, Massachusetts, Maine, and Oregon - currently have laws that require the posting of nutrition information on menus and menu boards in restaurant chains. At the local level, Seattle, Philadelphia, New York City, Nashville, and San Francisco have menu labeling provisions in place.
States that passed legisl
and participate established political participation processes through using this information.
3.
3step
The most active political participation step.
In addition to established political participation processes, express oneself's subjective opinion .
We substitute this definition on the dependent variables.
➀ Degree of Learning political informaion by using internet - First step