1 small joint) (5)
Serology (at least 1 test result is needed for classification)
Negative RF and negative ACPA (0)
Low-positive RF or low-positive ACPA (2)
High-positive RF or high-positive ACPA (3)
Acute-phase reactants(at least 1 test result is needed for classificaion)
Normal CRP and normal ESR (0)
Abnormal CRP or abnormal ESR (1)
Duration of symptoms
< 6 weeks (0)
≥ 6 weeks (1)
* Signs and symptoms
The typical patient is a young male, aged 18–30, when symptoms of the disease first appear, with chronic pain and stiffness in the lower part of the spine or sometimes the entire spine, often with pain referred to one or other buttock or the back of thigh from the sacroiliac joint.
Men are affected more than women by a ratio about of 3:1, with the disease usually ta
musculoskeletal pain, pulmonary embolism). As part of an assessment of the three main presentations of IHD, risk factors are addressed. These are the main causes of atherosclerosis (the disease process underlying IHD): age, male sex, hyperlipidaemia (high cholesterol and high fats in the blood), smoking, hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, and the family history.
Signs and symptoms
degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers + reaction to those changes (infiltration by fat and connective tissue); no abnormal storage of metabolic products.
4. All symptoms are effects of striated muscle weakness (heart and visceral muscles may also be involved).
5. Weakness becomes progressively worse (i.e. not static – vs. congenital myopathies, metabolic myopathies).