가. 성공적인 학교에 대한 기초
1) 학교의 형태 : ①전통적(Conventional)-미국에서 아직까지 지배적인 형태, ②즐거운(Congenial)-다수는 아니지만 나타나고는 있는 형태, ③협력적(Collegial)-숫자가 점점 늘어가고, 성공적인 학교.
2) 협력적 학교로의 “paradigm의 이동” 은 전통적, 즐거운 학교로부터의 이동을
show significant positive correlations.
· Effective teacher has intention and commitment to helping students learn.
· Effective teachers expect students to achieve, and they provide a firm foundation for this to occur.
· Teachers who expect a lot from their students tend to spend more time working with students on on-taskbehavior and push students to work to their full capacities.
Early Instructional Theory
Basic principles of Curriculum and Instruction
Mastery Learning and Individualized Instruction
- The Model of school learning.
- Human Characteristics and School Learning.
Cognitive Theory of Instruction.
Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction
Ralph Tyler
Develop basic principles for instruction.
Four Basic principles
-Identifying the purposes
Ⅱ-1). To maximize student achievement
1. Quantity and pacing of Instruction
· The amount of learned is related to opportunity to learn
· Student achievement is influenced by classroom organization and management that result in increased student engaged time
· Engagement rates depend on teacher's abilities to make academic activities run smoothly
· teacher must be effective in dia