(1973) 4 Stages of Second Language Development
1. Random Error(Presystematic): Vaguely aware that there is systematic order. Stage of experimentation and inaccurate guessing
2. Emergent: In consistency in linguistic production. Begin to internalize certain rules. ‘U-shaped learning’. Unable to correct errors when they are pointed out. Avoidance of structures and topics.
of their peers can give them so much pressure and stress. Therefore, the teacher needs to encourage his/her students as much as possible and remind them of the fact that everyone can make mistakes. The students’ trial should be highly evaluated and the teacher needs to play his/her role as a facilitator, guider, and helper to make a learner-centered learning environment.
2. While they are do
instructional leadership)에 관한 협력적 모형을 기술하기 위한 새로운 용어로 SuperVision을 사용함.
③ SuperVision은 교수(teaching)와 학습(learning)이 할 수 있는 것과 해야 하는 것, 장학관(supervisiors), 교사 그리고 학교 공동체에 종사하는 다른 구성원들에 의해 협력하여 발전시킨 일반적인 비전을 나타냄, 또한, 사
Early Instructional Theory
Basic principles of Curriculum and Instruction
Mastery Learning and Individualized Instruction
- The Modelof school learning.
- Human Characteristics and School Learning.
Cognitive Theory ofInstruction.
Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction
Ralph Tyler
Develop basic principles for instruction.
Four Basic principles
-Identifying the purposes
Instructional Technology (IT) and Human Performance Technology (HPT). Nowadays, these four things are used in many places together.
ISD gives a firm basis that decide audience, context, time, place, method and on. Because of this reason, ISD can be adapted to every field ; from small group's individual learning design to a large enterprise or army education program.
And there are many models