diabetes, caffeine
A small percentage found to be familial
occurs at more commonly in congenital malformation
Prader-Willi syndrome, Noonan syndrome
the most common diagnostic dilemma
more common than truly undescended testes
do not need any treatment
as cremaster muscle relaxes or contracts, the testis moves
cremasteric reflex is much more active in infant boys
Result of excessive fluid in tunica vaginalis
Congenital / acquired
Primary : absence of disease in testis. Tends to be large and tense. Common in young boys.
Secondary : testicular pathology - tumour, infection, and torsion
Soft non tender and cystic swelling in scrotum which transilluminates.
Testis lies within fluid collection and is not palpable
Conservative Tx. Scrotal support. Refer
Testis Determining Factor. Y 염색체의 단완에 위치.)가 정상이어서 고환은 갖고 있으나(복부나 서혜부에), 고환에서 분비되는 호르몬 중 dihydrotestosterone에 대한 표적세포(target cells)의 호르몬 수용체를 encoding하는 유전자에서의 이상(X 염색체상에 존재)에 의해 그 후의 발생과정이 남성이 아닌 여성형으로 변화