depends largely on endogenous factors, such as the individual's innate immunologic and nonimmunologic defenses and level of function of cell-mediated immunity (CMI).
The most potent risk factor for tuberculosis among infected individuals is clearly HIV co-infection, which suppresses cellular immunity. The risk that latent M. tuberculosis infection will proceed to active disease is directly rel
1. Graves’ disease
-antithyroid drug: PTU, carbimazole, methimazole
-radioiodine: 131I
2. Acute Gastro-Enteritis
-GFS f/u
Thyrotoxicosis is defined as the state of thyroid hormone excess and is not synonymous with hyperthyroidism
But, the major etiologies of thyrotoxicosis are hyperthyroidism caused by Grave’s disease, toxic MNG, and toxic adenomas
2. Pathogenesis (cont.)
(1) no effective treatment
(2) lung transplantation
(3) smoking cessation
7) 예후
Factors influencing progression
① cumulative exposure to asbestos
② duration of exposure
③ type of asbestos exposure
3. 탄광부 진폐증 (Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis)
1) 석탄분진을 흡입하여 발생
2) simple : opacity < 1 cm
부종
부종이 생기는 경우 중에서도 특히 신장에 문제가 있는 경우에 체중이 증가하게 된다. 정상적으로 신장에서 배설되어야 하는 수분이 배설되지 못하게 되므로 그 만큼의 양이 interstitial tissue로 새어나가게 된다. 또한 이렇게 체내에 전체 수분의 양이 증가했다고 하여도 체내에서 실질적으로 사
- 종류: 첨형 콘딜로마, 클라미디아, 임질, 매독, 단순포진, 후천성 면역결핍증, B형간염,
트리코모나스
- 발병과 관리에 영향을 주는 요인 : STD의 과거력, PID의 과거력, 현재 성파트너수, 성교 횟수, 임신동안 성적 행동
- 성 전파성 질환의 증상
① 질 분비물의 증가
1. Respiration(호흡)
<호흡의 필요성에 대한 부정적 견해>
- 호흡에 대한 특별한 치료가 필요치 않다 (Darley, Aronson, Brown, 1975).
(말산출을 위해 필요한 호흡은 많지 않고 발성, 공명, 조음을 하는 valve 기능을 증가시 키는 것이 기류를 효과적으로 사용하도록 촉진시키기 때문)
- 환자가 적절한 강
the next week, then tapered off over 5 weeks
Steroids may be of benefit in peritonitis, miliary disease, laryngeal TB, lymphadenitis and genitourinary disease
routine use of steroids cannot be recommended.
-> should be considered by the attending physician.
Thalidomide may be of benefit in TB meningitis and has been used in cases where patients have failed to respond to steroid treatment
Laryngeal spasm)
Recovery
Extubation : Consciousness is recocvery & regular respiration (Complication - apnea, laryngeal spasm, cyanosis, unsaturated O2)
Postanesthetic care unit : Recovery is faster than adult (Delirium, excitation, indignation - Binding)
Indirect inguinal hernia :
Protrudes through the inguinal ring
Ultimately the result of the failure of
closure of the internal inguina
of action : 4 to 6 hours
Anticholinergic bronchodilators : not recommend for quick relief
Onset : 20 to 30 minutes
Less effective
Indication
Intolerance to All b-agonist bronchodilators
Asthmatic attacks induced by bets-blocker
LONG-TERM CONTROL
Achieving good long-term control of asthma
Avoidance of environmental stimuli
Monitoring of changes in disease activity
Use of controller medication