2nd ed. Chap.26, pp. 260~261
당뇨병학 제3판, 2005, 대한당뇨병학회, pp.
오정현 외, Antibodies to GAD and ICA in type 2 DM with secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic therapy, 당뇨병31(5):402-09, 2007
R. David G. Leslie, Type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: one end of the rainbow, journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 91:1655-59, 2006
: 여성 > 남성(약 2~3배)
어느 연령에서나 발생되지만 나이에 따라 증가하고 특히 40~60대에 발생 빈도 높음
1) 원인 : 원인은 아직 잘 알려져 있지 않음
(1) 자가 면역성(autoimmunity)
: 활액막 내의 림프구 증가와 류마티스 인자로 알려진 비정상적 면역글로불린의 일종 이 혈장내에 많이 증가되고 있음
복제 이식
-유전병치료
2) 미용
-줄기세포 화장품
배아 줄기세포
사람의 배아를 이용하여 줄기세포를 만든다.
체세포 배아줄기세포,수정란 배아 줄기세포 두 가지로 나뉜다.
난치병 incurable disease
원인이 불명이고 치료법이 아직 확립되지 않기 때문에 완치되기 어려운 질환의 총칭
diseases in war, famine, ghetto, refugee, or natural disaster situations.
Supporting data
코흐트 연구 결과
신선한 과일과 채소 섭취 : TB의 상대위험도를 0.4까지 낮춤 (채식주의자는?)
Vitamin A, vitamin C, protein의 영향력
body mass index(BMI), average skin-fold thickness, upper arm muscle : hazard of TB from six to ten fold
동물 실험 모델 : Zinc, V
Inflammatory disease of the spine that can lead to stiffening of the back
Dr. Bernard O’Connor (1666-1698)
Krebs (1934) ‘obliteration of the sacroiliac joints’
Chronic & progressive form of seronegative arthritis with axial skeleton predominance
Affects 0.1-0.2% of the population
90-95% of patients are HLA-B27 positive
7% of general population is positive, only 1% of positives will d
* Signs and symptoms
The typical patient is a young male, aged 18–30, when symptoms of the disease first appear, with chronic pain and stiffness in the lower part of the spine or sometimes the entire spine, often with pain referred to one or other buttock or the back of thigh from the sacroiliac joint.
Men are affected more than women by a ratio about of 3:1, with the disease usually ta
Typical patient - young male(18–30yrs)
First, chronic pain and stiffness
in the lower part of the spine.
Associated with an inflammation of the eye, fatigue and sometimes nausea.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF α)
& IL-1
90% of the patients express
HLA-B27 genotype
Medication- Anti-inflammatory drugs- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug- TNF-α blocker(pr
angigogenesis를 감소시킨다. 또한 MMP-1과 MMP-3도 감소시킨다. 이러한 것들이 bone damage를 감소시키는 것처럼 보인다.
3. Systemic lupus erythematosus
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus란?
a. Definition
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, 전신성 홍반성 루푸스)는 clinically heterogeneous disease인 auto immune disease로써, nuclear antigen에
임산부 Graves’ dis.에서 high TSI monitoring, TSI는 태반 넘어가 neonatal thyrotoxicosis)
TBII 존재는 TSI 있음을 시사
TPO Ab. : marker of autoimmunity
NO SPECS
0 = No signs or Sx.
1 = Only signs, no Sx.
2 = Soft tissue involvement
3 = Proptosis (>22mm)
4 = Extraocular m. involvement
5 = Corneal involvement
6 = Sight Loss