rate a range of atypia, and several grading systems exist to reflect their biologic behavior. The other precursor lesion is flat urothelial carcinoma, which is simply referred to as carcinoma in situ (CIS). This lesion is by definition high grade and hence not assigned a grade. In about half the patients with invasive bladder cancer, at the time of presentation the tumor has already invaded the b
morbidity and mortality arising from gastrointestinal disorders and other health effects, by ensuring that adequate measures are taken to improve access to safe and affordable water and adequate sanitation for all children." - Regional Priority Goal I
Overall housing conditions seemed to show a slight improvement between 1992 and 2002, at least regarding access to water and the sewage sys
E. The symptoms are not better accounted for by bereavement, i.e., after the loss of a loved one, the symptoms persist for longer than 2 months or are characterized by marked functional impairment, morbid preoccupation with worthlessness, suicidal ideation, psychotic symptoms, or psychomotor retardation.
4) Criteria for Manic Episode
A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently eleva
rate is approximately 60%.
발병장소:thoracic and abdominal aorta.
-Occlusive aortic disease의 원인:
distal abdominal aorta below the renal arteries에 발생하는 atherosclerosis .
-증상의 심각성은 adequacy of collaterals에 달려있다.
충분한 collateral blood flow존재한다면,
ischemic symptoms 발달 없이 abdominal aorta 의 완전한 폐쇄가 발생할
morbidity and complications (such as esophageal ulcerations, peptic strictures, and Barrett's esophagus)
Heartburn is the 5th most common gastrointestinal complaint
The 2nd leading outpatient/ 7th most common inpatient gastrointestinal diagnosis
The most costly gastrointestinal disease in 2000 (the largest component was drugs)
As a chronic disease, significantly impairs quality of lif
stable angina gas 2 complementary objectives
1. To reduce the risk of mortality and morbid events
2. To reduce symptoms
For most patients, the goal of treatment should be complete or near-complete elimination of anginal chest pain, a return to normal activities, and a functional capacity of CCS class angina. This goal should be accomplished with minimal side effects of therapy.
♣ 공중보건의 이해
Chap01. 공중보건의 이해
1. 공중보건학의 개념
*Winslow(윈슬로우,1920)의 공중보건의 정의★★★
“공중보건학이란 조직적인 지역사회의 노력으로 질병을 예방하고, 수명을 연장시키며, 신체적 및 정신적 건강과 효율을 증진시키는 기술과 과학이다.”
- 공중보건학의 목적: ① 질병
제왕절개분만(cesarean section)이란 복부절개를 통하여 태아를 만출 시키는 것이다. 자궁 외 복부임신이나 자궁 파열후의 태아를 개복하여 꺼내는 수술은 포함되지 않는다. 제왕절개분만의 기본목적은 모성과 태아의 생명이나 건강을 보존하기 위함이다. 수술기술의 발달과 무균조작법, 항생제의 발달로
Management
Three factors that usually are considered
1) Fetal age and thus maturity
2) Labor
3) Bleeding and its severity
? Preterm + no persistent active bleeding
→ Close observation
? Near term + not bleeding
→ Scheduled cesarean delivery
※ Timing is important to maximize fetal growth but to minimize the possibility of antepartum hemorrhage.
※ Data are sparse rega
Treatment
1) 합병증이 동반되지 않은 경우 : 항바이러스제 불필요
2) 피부청결, 손톱 짧게, 칼라민 로션 도포
3) 항바이러스제 투여의 적응증 : Acyclovir
- 13세 이상의 환자에서 발생한 수두(임신한 사람은 예외)
- 12개월 이상에서 만성 피부질환 또는 폐질환, 가족 내 전파
- 부신피질 호르몬이나 아스