E. The symptoms are not better accounted for by bereavement, i.e., after the loss of a loved one, the symptoms persist for longer than 2 months or are characterized by marked functional impairment, morbid preoccupation with worthlessness, suicidal ideation, psychotic symptoms, or psychomotor retardation.
4) Criteria for Manic Episode
A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently eleva
③ Drug and alcohol use
우울증을 일으키거나 악화시키는 대표적인 약물인 reserpine, guanethidine 등은 신경의 저장 granule에서 NE, 5-HT, DA를 고갈시켜 우울증을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있으며 이밖에 alcohol, amphetamine (withdrawal), anabolic steroids, baclofen, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, β-adrenergic blockers, chloral hydrate, cimetidi
the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori may be playing a contributory role to the increasing prevalence of GERD in these regions
many patients with H. pylori–induced gastritis have involvement of both the antrum and corpus, decreasing parietal cell mass, reducing acid secretion, and elevating gastric pH, which may have a protective effect on the esophageal mucosa in patients susceptible to
1. Graves’ disease
-antithyroid drug: PTU, carbimazole, methimazole
-radioiodine: 131I
2. Acute Gastro-Enteritis
-GFS f/u
Thyrotoxicosis is defined as the state of thyroid hormone excess and is not synonymous with hyperthyroidism
But, the major etiologies of thyrotoxicosis are hyperthyroidism caused by Grave’s disease, toxic MNG, and toxic adenomas
2. Pathogenesis (cont.)
Typical patient - young male(18–30yrs)
First, chronic pain and stiffness
in the lower part of the spine.
Associated with an inflammation of the eye, fatigue and sometimes nausea.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF α)
& IL-1
90% of the patients express
HLA-B27 genotype
Medication- Anti-inflammatory drugs- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug- TNF-α blocker(pr
나이화(F/64)
수술적 치료로 종양을 떼어낸 early breast cancer,
lymph node (-), steroid HR (+)
두 딸을 가진 전업주부이며 평소 운동을 좋아하고 밝고 긍정적인 성격의 소유자
담배는 피우지 않으며 술은 한 달에 한번 정도 와인 1-2잔
질병력: 고혈압
가족력: 아버지 5년 전 간암으로 사망.
나이화씨
Autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a disorder of unknown cause characterized by unresolving inflammation of the liver and by the presence of interface hepatitis on histologic examination (Fig. 1-1), hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoantibodies. Diagnosis requires the exclusion of other chronic liver diseases that have similar features, including Wilson disease, chronic viral hep
Ⅰ. 개요
인지행동치료는 체계적인 단계를 따라 감으로 내담자의 역기능적 감정, 행동 그리고 인지의 문제를 해결하기 위한 심리 치료 접근법이다. 인지행동치료는 인지치료와 행동치료를 재구성한 것으로 두 이론의 성격에 영향을 받아 인지행동치료 역시 “Here and Now”를 중요시한다. 또한, PTSD, OC