Psychosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a fairly common and vexing problem. Although it can occur at any stage of the illness, it is a particularly important issue for patients who are in the later stages of PD and have been chronically treated with anti-PD medications. The exact pathophysiology of PD-related psychosis remains a mystery. Neurochemical imbalances, sleep disturbances, and visual
disease;AD) 는 치매(Dementia)를 일으키는 가장 흔한 퇴행성 뇌질환으로, 1907년 독일의 정신과 의사인 알로이스 알츠하이머 (Alois Alzheimer) 박사에 의해 최초로 보고되었다. 알츠하이머병은 매우 서서히 발병하여 점진적으로 진행되고 악화되며, 결국 죽음에 이르게 하는 것이 특징이다. 초기에는 주로 최근
Stem cell calssification
1. Based upon location
Embryonic stem cells
Somatic/ adult stem cells
2. Based upon function
Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Unipotent
Reject Response
Traditional Immuno-repressents
Constant administration
Little engraftment after 3~4 weeks
Host immune system impaired
Vulnerable to Infection
↓Need brief immuno-re
1. Graves’ disease
-antithyroid drug: PTU, carbimazole, methimazole
-radioiodine: 131I
2. Acute Gastro-Enteritis
-GFS f/u
Thyrotoxicosis is defined as the state of thyroid hormone excess and is not synonymous with hyperthyroidism
But, the major etiologies of thyrotoxicosis are hyperthyroidism caused by Grave’s disease, toxic MNG, and toxic adenomas
2. Pathogenesis (cont.)
Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy and Billroth I
LN meta 없으면 5YSR>97~100%
F/U : 처음 1년간은 3~6개월마다 이후에는 1년에 1~2회 내시경 검사 시행
Op date : 2010. 04. 20
PreOp Dx
Stomach cancer(R/O EGC)
Op name
Laparoscopy Assisted Distal Gastrectomy
Billroth I
95% of all malignant gastric neoplasms
Gastric cancer incidence has decreased worldwide