Epidemiology
2. 역학
- 주된 감염경로 : 경구감염
⇒ 군대, 고아원, 탁아소 등에서 집단적으로 발생하며 주로 HAV에 오염된 음식류에 의해 전파된다. 또한 주사 등의 비경구적 경로로도 일부 전파가 가능하다(약물중독자, 동성연애자등)
- 생활환경 개선, 위생상태 호전 시 특별한 예방 대책이 없어도
*’Nano’ means….
Nanometer: one billionth of a meter
Nano-: prefix comes from the Greek word for ‘dwarf’
Chemical, physical, and biological properties that differ from those of their larger, or bulk counterparts
Nanotechnology: The National Nanotechnology Initiative(NNI)-> the science of materials and phenomena in the range of 1 to 100nm in diameter
*Features of ‘nanoparticles
diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Detection and Diagnosis
Lab on chips help detection and diagnosis of diseases more efficiently
Nanowire and cantilever lab on chips help in early detection of cancer biomarkers
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of the nanocarrier(1)
Exocytosis of the nanocarrier(1a)
Dissociation, acidification, release of the drug into the brain; (1b)
Recycling
b. Genetics
In researches about genetic factor,strong geneticrisk modifierhas not been discovered. Some researches have been conducted, but their results conflicts, and they are difficult to retest. Moreover, even if research has been conducted, the same results seldom occur.
c. Nongenetics
As nongenetic factors, there are stress, emotional trauma and viral infections. One famous example
Nanoparticles present possible dangers
- due to the high surface to volume ratio
pass through cell membranes in organisms
Smaller nanoparticles evinced increased cytotoxicity.
Self-assembly :
process that disordered system of components forms an organized structure or pattern
The device is switched on - >
the pump pushes ions across the lipid membrane,