(1973) 4 Stages of Second Language Development
1. Random Error(Presystematic): Vaguely aware that there is systematic order. Stage of experimentation and inaccurate guessing
2. Emergent: In consistency in linguistic production. Begin to internalize certain rules. ‘U-shaped learning’. Unable to correct errors when they are pointed out. Avoidance of structures and topics.
we all know it is like to feel happy. Right? But how do we measure happiness? One common method psychologists use is interviewing people. First, we ask them questions to find out how happy they are - how happy they feel in general. Then we gather information about them, like their age, health, income and so on. We use all of this data to determine the most common characteristics of happy people.
We discovered that most of our subject's occupation was teacher and soldier. As can be seen from chart 2, males who serve in military official tend to use more non-neutral terms by 5 to 7 whereas females used twice each. As Military official culture is a strict hierarchical and still male centered, they are not used to neutral term. On the other hand, teachers and students tend to use more neutra
가. 성공적인 학교에 대한 기초
1) 학교의 형태 : ①전통적(Conventional)-미국에서 아직까지 지배적인 형태, ②즐거운(Congenial)-다수는 아니지만 나타나고는 있는 형태, ③협력적(Collegial)-숫자가 점점 늘어가고, 성공적인 학교.
2) 협력적 학교로의 “paradigm의 이동” 은 전통적, 즐거운 학교로부터의 이동을
Performance is a multifaceted concept that includes dimensions of effectiveness, efficiency, and adaptability. (Walker and Ruekert 1987)
(3) Performance measures that reflect effectiveness (as opposed to adaptability or efficiency) are likely to be most useful to managers.
Following Hart (1995), who argued that innovative environmental strategies lead to unique capabilities, we view