Definition
Cystotomy is a surgical incision into the urinary bladder
Purpose
Removal of cystic and urethral calculi
Identification and biopsy of masses
Repair of ectopic ureters
Evaluation of urinary tract infection resistant to treatment
SURGICAL ANATOMY
Structure
(1) Apex : vertex (cranial portion)
(2) Body (midportion)
(3) Neck : vesicourethral junction (caudal)
(4) Trigo
period)이 있는 경우가 더 많다. 더욱이 너무 통증이 심해서 급히 효과적인 진통제가 필요한 경우도 있다(예를 들면 수술 후 상태(postoperative state), 화상(burns), 외상(trauma), 암(cancer), 겸상적혈구증발증(sickle cell crisis)과 같은). 이러한 경우에는 진통제가 치료의 첫결(first line)이며, 진통제의 사용은 모든 전
v Treatment begins with identification and control of the factors increased
pressure
� Paralyzed patients require periodic rotation and an air mattress
� Wheelchair cushions need to be changed in ischial sore patients
� Tight casts, improperly fitting lower extremity prostheses need modification
v Most pressure sores will heal with avoidance of pressure
v
postoperative pain, anginal pain, headache, and anxiety, among other complaints. The explanation for this strange phenomenon is that the human mind can create actual changes in body chemistry as a result of what it believes. If, for example, a person believes that a certain medication contains a substance that can accomplish a specific need, the body tends to move in that direction.
An increasin