(2) Active targeting
Nanoparticle passive targeting can be enhanced by ‘active targeting’, where specific ligands (peptides, antibodies, aptamers, or small molecules) are attached to the nanoparticle surface to bind receptors/antigens overexpressed on cancer cells. Targeting increases accumulation in tumors and lessens exposure to healthy tissue, which can improve a toxic drug’'s therape
and Elimination of Drug
약물의 생체 내 변화과정 ~ 흡수, 분포 , 대사, 배설
**약물 동력학 (Pharmacokinetics)
1) 약제단계 (Pharmaceutical phase) :
약물 복용 후 위장에서 흡수용이 상태로 용해되는 단계
2) 약물 동력학적 단계 (Pharmacokinetic phase)
약물이 흡수(소장에서), 분포, 대사(간장에서), 배설되는 단계
and F cells occupy the perimeters of islets, whereas the alpha, beta, and delta cells appear to be randomly interspersed.
Glucagon receptor
The glucagon receptor is a 62 kDa peptide that is activated by glucagon and is a member of the G-protein coupled family of receptors.
Stimulation of the receptor results in activation of adenylate cyclase and increased levels of intracellular cAMP.
Gl
receptors are known from the genomes of more than a dozen organisms: they are seven-helix transmembrane proteins, but there are (as of July 2011) no known structures of any OR. There is a highly conserved sequence in roughly three quarters of all ORs that is a tripodal metal ion binding site, and Suslick has proposed that the ORs are in fact metalloproteins (mostly likely with zinc, copper and po
and the stress response.
The HPA axis is also regulated by the hippocampus. Hippocampal activation suppresses CRH release. The hippocampus contains numerous glucocoticoid receptors that respond to the cortisol released from the adrenal gland response to HPA system activation. Thus, the hippocampus normally participates in the feedback regulation of the HPA axus by inhibiting CRH release and the