What is grammar?
Grammar
The study of the classes of words, their inflections,
their functions, and their relations in the sentence
2.The characteristic system of inflections and syntax of a language
choice: is there just one correct response?
(b) Gap filling: are there just one or two correct responses?
(c) Short answer: Is answer within productive abilities? Can it be scored validly and reliably?
6. Multiple choice: Are all the distractors likely to distract?
7. Is the length of the text appropriate?
전체 길이는 적절하나 마지막 여자
grammatical competence)에 국한
Hymes(1972)
Competence: ‘communicative competence’로 확대
-> the rules of grammar + the rules of use (appropriateness)
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Example: p. 25-26
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I. Communicative Competence
Canale & Swain (1985): 제2언어 교육관점에서 ‘communicative competence’를 정의
Components of ‘Communicative Competence’
Grammatical competence
Discourse competence
Socio
Defining Motivation
How do you define motivation?
-> The extent to which you make choices about
(a) goals to pursue
(b) the effort you will
devote to that pursuit
choice but to approach the authorities for assistance.
l will arrange for the Sisters to call.
We dont need your charity.
You have no job and no mother for your children.
Hes right, son.
All right.
Send in the nuns.
Sit still.
But l dont like cabbage.
lt is very good for you. Eat it up. l dont want to hear about it.
You are a painter and decorator by trade, but your attempts to secure employment.