Let's see the process flow of cellulosic ethanol which we are interested in(Figure 1). At the upstream, biomass harvest undergoes a pretreatment and cellulose hydrolysis by enzymes and then fermented to ethanol through the points. The initial contract for each course are as follows.
[Figure 1] bioethanol process
① pretreatment of raw material
To increase the effectiveness of fibrin d
Various microorganisms(bacteria)
Difficult to maintain the optimum conditions of growth. (Because of difference of growth rate and condition)
Traditional single stage reactor(fermentor)
- Simultaneous Hydrolysis/Acidogenesis & Methanogenesis
- Difficult to operate under optimum conditions
- Very sensitive to change of environment
Analysis microorganism
(More
구성 성분을 <표 4>에 나타내었다.
홍조류 바이오 에탄올 제조 공정은 [당화공정] → [발효공정] → [분리 및 정제공정]으로
구성된다. 당화(saccharification) 또는 가수분해(hydrolysis) 공정은 홍조류 내에 존재하는 고분자 형태의 탄수화물을 발효 미생물이 이용할 수 있는 단량체(monomer)로 전환하는 공
하천이나 호수 등의 부영양화를
나타내는 지표의 하나로 물속에
포함된 인의 총량
인은 질소와 함께 수질계를
부영양화하는 영양염류로
적조의 원인
과황산 산화 분해법
(Persulfate oxidation)
질산-황산 분해법
(Nitric acid-Sulfuric acid)
과염소산 분해법
(Perchloric acid)
염화제일주석
in transesterification reaction of raw fat and oils.
By introducing Enzymatic engineering techniques , Ester transfer reaction is a technology to produce recombinant fat and oil
from routine things.
Connection of hydrolysis reaction and epoxidation
Connection of hydrolysis reaction and esterification
Connection of different chemical reaction and reaction except hydrolytic reaction
Heat energy, chemical catalyst
: bio mass → Use to intermediate compound & final product classify
vaporization : Heating on the anaerobic to produce H2-CO first order
combination gas.
pyrolysis : On vacuum condition, decompose bio mass by
exposing high-temp.
solvent, acid, base : Using the bio mass for cl
acid). This specification also states that the final product should be a clear, reddish brown liquid which is essentially free from sediment. The non-fermented sauce is defined as a formulated product consisting of hydrolyzed vegetable protein, corn syrup, salt, caramel color, water, and a preservative. It should be a dark brown, clear liquid.
The Japanese, on the other hand, are more specific
-초기 증상 발현 48시간 이내
75mg 아침, 저녁 5일간
예방-접촉한지 2일 이내
하루한번
Hemagglutinin is a protein that binds
tightly to the sugar portions of various
cell-surface glycoproteins .
The human flu prefers to attach to sialic acid with alpha-(2,6) linkage
The avian flu prefers to attach to sialic acid with alpha-(2,3) linkage
charges in the polarized C-F bond
C-F bond
: strongest bond in
organic chemistry
: high energy bond
Two most studied compounds
PFOS (Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid)
PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid)
Other PFCs include:
PFNA(Perfluorononaoic acid)
PFBS(Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid)
POSF(Perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride)
PFOSA(Perfluorooctanesulfonamide)
FC-75
두유의 변질
위에서 살펴본 바와 같이 두유에 들어있는 지방산은 산소를 만나 산화될 수 있으며, 이로 인해 두유는 변질되게 된다. 특히 두유는 우유에 비하여 산소와 햇빛에 쉽게 산화되는데, 이는 두유에 풍부하게 존재하는 리놀레산의 역할이 크다. 리놀레산은 필수지방산으로 매우 영양효과는