* Dye is varied depending on the
typeof substituent X
* 3 conditions are needed
- absorb all visible light.
- bond with nano-oxided substance.
- resist against heat and optics.
* Dye have a major impact in the
efficient of DSSCs
1.Illumination of Sunlight
- Absorbed by Dye sensitized.
2. Excited Dye molecule injects
electron to TiO2.
of a-Al2O3
rhombohedral
Typical is the structure of M2O3
O atom is an array of ABAB form as the hexagonal
Al atom 2/3 packing the layers of the O atoms coordinated 6
Al2O3
- Maintain appearance of the initial particles so It has not been densified by sintering means
- Sintered specimen of 1650℃ is more density than 1400℃ beacause of crevice and the pores that were distribu
of nanoparticles with tumor targeting molecules, such as hormones, growth factors etc. can increase the efficacy of a treatment. Integrin, EGFR are usually the target receptors.
Figure 3 A description of passive and active targeting. Blood vessel near tumor is not well organized, and numbers of pores are found. EPR effect is observed only at the tumor tissue. Through this effect, drugs are a
Change of conductivity being
normal state and gas detecting in sno2 grain boundary
Amount of desorption and absorption of oxide and free electron
can control sensor sensitivity
Electrode and the electrolyte solution while maintaining a constant current from the direct oxidation and reduction when measuring current to detect the gas.
Cause ionization of the electrolyte solution, the
Anode :
state-of-art anodes are made of a Ni-Cr/Ni-Al alloy.
The Cr was added to eliminate the problem of anode sintering.
Sintering :
The particles grow faster at higher temperatures in low CO2 gas atmospheres, and in strongly basic melts
Cathode :
An acceptable material for cathode must have adequate electrical conductivity, structural strength, and low disso
of ZnO nanowire : many novel magnetic, electrical and optical properties
Various approaches of ZnO nanowire : vapor-phase method, rapid thermal evaporation, sputter deposition, template-assisted growth, chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
A vapor trapping design to modify the CVD synthesis process to facilitate and control the introduction of n-type carriers.
A p–n heterojunction composed
of differences in diffusion rates.
These are arising from differences in molecular size and solubility.
This means that the resistance increases with increasing molecular weight.
The solutes separate by passing through the membrane that
behaves like a fibre filter and separation occurs by a sieving
action based on the pore diameter and particle size
(i.e. smaller molecules will diffus
문제가 되는 반대쪽 전극의 손상이나 파티클 발생 등의 문제 해결 가능
1015 ions/cm2 이 300~ 700 eV 의 energy 로 표면과 충돌할 때 substrate 표면파괴 및 화학적인 오염이 심각함
residual film 형성
gas phase particle deposition
metallic impurities
불순물 제거 방법 : 습식 산화 제거에 의한 산소 또는 수소 plasma 처리
of Modern Physics 60쪽을 보라.1067~1073(1988)], 이 실험에서 광자를 사용한 케이스인 실제의 실험으로 바꾸어 생각할 수 있다.
광자를 사용하여 몇몇의 기술적인 장점을 얻을 수 있다. 그것은 평범한 광학적 기구를 사용하여 쉽게 생성되고 감지된다. 그것은 공기 중에서 자유롭게 진행되어나가고 진공의 상