...............
80%: cholesterol stones
20%: pigment stones
유병률: 4.25% (서양보다 약간 낮다)
Lack of depth perception
View controlled by camera
operator
More difficult to control
hemorrhage
Decreased tactile discrimination
Potential CO2 insufflation
complication
Adhesions / inflammation
limit use
Slight increase in bile duct
injury
중략.............
0.7-1 million small endocrine glands -the islets of Langerhans- scattered within the glandular substance of the exocrine pancreas.
: The beta(β) cell- insulin
The alpha(α) cell- glucagon
Insulin
Causes cells in the liver, muscle and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen
Stops the use of fat as an energy source by inhibiting the release of glucagon
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(1) 최근 6개월간 체중의 17% 감소
(2) 키에 대한 이상체중(163cm-58.3kg)의 77% 수준
(3) BMI 17-> 내원 시 영양실조 상태
MAMC는 overall muscle mass의 추정치로, Protein-calorie malnutrition의 심한 정도를 나타냄
MAMC = AC - (3.14 x TSF)
MAMC = midarm muscle circumference in cm
AC = arm circumference in cm
in much the same manner as bacteria are grown. Sufficient media consist of agar and the usual mix of macronutrients and micronutrients for the given cell type. For plant cells, enrichment with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is especially important. Water is provided as a constituent part of the gel media.
Uses
A plant cell callus consists of somatic undifferentiated cells from an adult sub
gastric neoplasms
Gastric cancer incidence has decreased worldwide high : in Japan, China
The risk of gastric cancer is greater among lower socioecomomic classes.
Cancer risk : increases with age
Peak age : 65~74
Male>Female
usually no symptoms
Weight loss
Abdominal pain
Nausea and anorexia
Dysphagia
Continuous abdominal pain
free perforation - peritonitis
in cancer patients.
Plasma markers of coagulation activation do not predict development of thrombosis but can assist in prognosis determination.
Cancer patients are more likely to manifest heparin resistance and warfarin failure and to have limited venous access to support therapeutic anticoagulant monitoring.
Tendencies toward thrombocytopenia, osteopenia, malnutrition, brain metast
adenocarcinoma(22%), small cell 혹은 oat cell carcinoma(19%), large cell carcinoma(11%) 등으로 분류한다. 소세포암의 악성정도가 다른 세포암고 다르므로 임상적으로 분류할 때 소세포암과 비소세포암으로 구분하기도 한다.
epidermoid 혹은 squamous cell carcinoma는 기관지 상피세포에서 발생한다. 자라면서 아랫 부분에 공동을