P2
Location
Human chromosome 7
7q31, at the SPCH1 locus
FOXP2 orthologs are in all mammals
Require for proper brain and lung development
Mutation of FOXP2
Cause a severe speech and language disorder (Human)
Study of mice and songbirds
Differences of FOXP2 between Human and Animals
Chimp : 2 Amino Acids
Mouse : 3 Amino Acids
Zebra finch : 7 Amino Acids
Neanderthal : Same Version
Acculturation hypothesis
“ the degree of acculturation toward the ‘model’ language group seems to be the primary consideration in attempting to account for the varied levels of linguistic achievement reached by second language learners”
Korean Wes
Literacy Ability (reading, writing) Grammar skill High Low
Communication skills
(listening, speaking) Low High
Language development in children is related
to brain development
During the first 3 years of life, the human brain develops to 90% of its full adult growth
Neurolinguistics : The study of biological and neural foundations of language
Brain development sets up the order of language development in children
The critical period hypothesis
→ Ability to learn a native language
Objectives
Goals in TBLT are ideally to be determined by the specific needs of particular learners. According to Long and Crookes(1993), selection of tasks should be based on a careful analysis of the real-world needs of learners.
eg. The English Language Syllabus in Schools Malaysian (1975)
- giving all Malaysian secondary school leavers the ability to communicate accurately and
ability, the lesson asks for a minimum amount of writing. The students read the passage and fill in the blanks thereby using focused grammatical form within context. Also, students are asked to write a short sentences using subjunctive mood in order to express their feeling on hypothetical position given.
2) Function
Function focus on the actual language use in real life of students. Thus, f