due to mucus flow
Spitting (mucus) constantly
Tickling in the throat
Constant clearing of throat
Broken or cracking voice
Mucus feeling in the back of the throat
Difficulty in breathing
Congestion in the nasal and sinus passages
Chronic sore throat
Masses formed in the crypts of the tonsils that are generally yellow or white (commonly called tonsil stones, or tonsilloliths)
Bad breath
Mucus gland enlargement
Squamous metaplasia
Smooth muscle hypertrophy
Small airway
Mucus secreting and infiltrating inflammatory cell
Luminal narowing, fibrosis로 기도저항 증가
Parenchyma
Alveolar septum이 파괴, airspace 확장
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from smoker
Macrophage 증가(>95% of total cell count)
Neutrophil 1~2%(비흡연자에서는 거의 없음)
Clinical presentation
H
천식의 치료
* 원인/유발인자를 제거하는 것이 가장 성공적인 치료법
<약물요법>
1. Reliever(bronchodilator)
(1) β2-agonist
*작용기전 : β-adrenergic receptor 자극, G protein 활성화, cAMP 형성
*효과 : relaxation of airway smooth muscle, inhibition of mast cell mediator release,
inhibition of plasma exudation and airway edema, increased mucus secretion
incr
mucus secretion, vascular permeability를 증가
LT inhibitor/modifier 종류
LT receptor antagonist(LTRAs ; montelukast, zafirlukast and pranlukast)
extrocellular space에서 cysteinyl LTs를 cysLT1 receptor에 붙는 것을 방해
5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor of LT synthesis(zileuton)
zileuton은 5-lipoxygenase를 저해하고 그럼으로서 모든 LT 합성을 염증세포에서 저해
최근 연
[PBL]PNDS 후비루증후군(영문)
의대 본과 4학년 PK과제 COPD
의대 본과 4학년 PK과제 Montelukastinallergicdiseasebeyondasthma
